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SWER Drawings |
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SWER and Rural Electrification Downloads SWER and Rural Electrification Drawings, The SWER drawings outline the basic elements of SWER and include drawings of - SWER Distribution Transformer Structure Drawing (English)
- SWER Distribution Transformer Structure Drawing (Portuguese)
- SWER In Line Pole Drawing (English)
- SWER In Line Pole Drawing (Portuguese)
The SWER drawings are provided for information only and should not be used for construction, please also review the site disclaimer.
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SWER Design and Costing Tools |
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Downloads, technical articles, costing information and other tools to help you decide what is the best form of rural electrification for you SWER and Rural Electrification Costing Spreadsheet This spreadsheet compares the cost of SWER vs. the cost of conventional rural electrification. The spreadsheet will help you decide on the feasibility of using SWER. The costs are detailed for the following: - Conventional 22kV distribution, single phase and three phase costs
- Conventional distribution transformer substation 22/0.4/0.23kV costs
- SWER 12.7kV distribution costs
- SWER distribution transformer substation 12.7/0.23kV costs
- SWER isolation transformer substation 22/12.7kV costs
- Conventional 400/230V low voltage distribution costs
- Customer service drop costs
- Customer house wiring costs
Although the costs given are based on prices received in 2001 and 2002 the spreadsheet can be used to compare the costs of 22 kV rural electrification by SWER to conventional 22 kV distribution without changing the unit cost data. If more accurate present day costs are required the costs given could be escalated to present day market rates by applying factors for: - Inflation
- Currency fluctuations as the original prices were typically US dollar based
- Fluctuations in commodity prices especially aluminium, copper and steel
- Local labour rates
- An escalation factor to allow for purchasing materials in smaller quantities as the original unit costs were derived from international competitive bidding for large quantities of materials and equipment
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SWER Background Information |
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SWER and Rural Electrification Downloads - Background Information Downloads, technical articles, costing information and other tools to help you decide what is the best form of rural electrification for you Rural Power Supply Especially in Back Country Areas - L Mandeno, B.E., M.I.E.E. Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute of Engineers, 1947, Volume 33, Page 234. A fascinating account of the early technical development of the SWER distribution system in rural New Zealand. Advisory, this is a large pdf (Adobe Acrobat) file of 7 Mbytes and will take a long time to download on a slow Internet connection. Single Wire Earth Return for Remote Rural Distribution - Reducing Costs and Improving Reliability Conrad W. Holland, B.E. M.I.P.E.N.Z. Maunsell Ltd., Single Wire Earth Return (SWER) has been used in New Zealand since the 1930s and is still actively used in rural New Zealand, Australia, South Africa and parts of South East Asia. This paper updates the cost structure for SWER and looks at modern innovations that can be applied to drive down costs and improve reliability. How to Model Single Wire Earth Return Systems (SWER) for Rural Electrification using PSS/Adept - Peter Armstrong, Meritec Ltd. June 2002 A Microsoft Power Point tutorial on how to model SWER systems using PTI's PSS/Adept software. The tutorial gives models of SWER isolating and distribution transformers and guidelines on calculating parameters for SWER systems.
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